Cov khoom siv xaiv rau kev tsheb nqaj hlau tig: Qhov tseem ceeb lav ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm

Nyob rau hauv cov kev thauj cov tsheb ciav hlau system, turnouts ua haujlwm tseem ceeb txuas cov khoom siv rau cov kab khiav. Lawv cov kev ua tau zoo cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb, kev ruaj khov, thiab ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev qhia kev qhia. Cov khoom xaiv rau cov khoom siv turnout yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab tag nrho cov khoom siv tau zoo tag nrho ntawm kev tig. Raws li cov tshuab nqaj hlau nce qib mus rau kev nrawm dua, cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua yog muab tso rau lub zog, thiab lub zog ua tsis kam, thiab kev yoog raws ib puag ncig. Kab lus no yuav tshawb txog qhov kev xaiv rau cov khoom siv rau kev tsheb ciav hlau raws li cov kev xav tau, thiab cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom sib tw los ntawm cov khoom tshiab.

 

I. Cov kev cai ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom sib tw ntawm cov khoom siv turnout

Cov kev hloov pauv feem ntau feem ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais ua ke xws li hloov (taw tes sib txuas Txhua qhov sib xyaw muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv nyob ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Piv txwv li:

• points tus ntsia thiab taw tes ntsia: raws li cov pob qij txha "txav mus rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub log rov qab siv dua thiab nquag kho lawv cov ces kaum. Yog li ntawd, lawv xav tau cov ntaub ntawv uas ua ke lub zog siab (tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam), muaj kev tiv thaiv siab (kom txo qis tus nqi);

• Cov kev muag khoom thiab tis tus ntsia hlau: raws li cov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov ntsia ruaj, lawv yuav tsum tiv thaiv ntev}}}} kev co zoo li qub. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom yuav tsum muaj kev qaug zog zoo heev thiab kev ruaj khov;

• Qav Thaj Av: Tus taw kev Rail hau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov twg log {{}} kev nkag mus rau cov kev daws teeb meem hlau, yog qhov xav tau yas, thiab hu rau kev qaug zog tawg.

Cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov roj carbon steel lossis cov hlau loj tagnrho Alloy. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov kev txwv kev ua tau zoo tau maj mam raug nyob rau hauv high {1} {{{{} hault kev tsheb ciav hlau ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 30 tons). Piv txwv li, cov coj tsis txaus ntawm tib neeg cov hlua hluav taws xob tsis txaus ntseeg, thaum lub sijhawm nyuaj ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj zog, thaum cov hlau ua kom muaj kev phom sij. Yog li ntawd, kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau niaj hnub lem yuav tsum tau transcend tso cai thiab hloov kho tshiab rau "siab- kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv."

 

Ii. Cov yam ntxwv kev ua txuj ci thiab cov lus qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv mettrectam

Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv xaiv rau kev tsheb ciav hlau tig tau hloov zuj zus mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem nyuaj + saum npoo hardening + tshwj xeeb alloys. " Cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

1. High {{{{}}} Zoo carbon txheem hlau thiab qis -}} lub zog steel

Cov no yog cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv rau ib txwm muaj, xws li U71MN thiab U75v (Suav txheem). Los kho cov ntsiab lus carbon (0.7%- 0.1%) thiab ntxiv cov ntsiab lus xws li (0.15%), lawv ua tiav qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog thiab weldability. U75V hlau, ua tsaug rau cov nplej cov khoom ua kom zoo ntawm vanadium, khav rau MPa, ua nws haum rau kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov kev coj tsis kam lees txog kev ua kom tawv nqaij tawv (ib txwm ua tiav txoj kev tawv ntawm 280-320 HBW). Tom qab siv ntev ntev, txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau yog qhov cuam tshuam rau delamination thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nquag.

2. Hnav - awistant alloy thiab bainitic steels

Kom tau raws li lub siab hnav yuav tsum muaj ntawm hnyav {{} haul trailways yog pib siv cov hlua khau), thiab siab {}} lub zog steels uas ua tiav a Bainitic qauv los ntawm kev kho cua sov (xws li bnbre hlau). Cov ntaub ntawv no nthuav qhia microstration microstructure thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav hardnesses thiab dhau 20% siab dua 20% siab dua 20% kev cuam tshuam zoo tshaj li lossis sib npaug nrog 40j). Qhov no tseem ceeb tshaj qhov kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm taw tes ntsia thiab hloov mus rau 10-15 xyoos (piv rau kwv yees li 5-8 xyoos rau cov steel hlau). For example, the bainitic switch steel used in a domestic high-speed rail project exhibited only 60% of the wear of U75V steel in a simulated 3 million wheel-passing test.

3. Nto Degondening Technology thiab Composite Khoom Siv

Txhawm rau txhim kho lub durability ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, niaj hnub tackss dav dav kev kho technology:

• Kho Cua sov hardening: zos quench lub tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov tub rog tuab- Cov tuabneeg ua num ntau dua

• Overlay Vuam thaiv: Rau maj mam vuam muag, overlay {}}

• Stainless hlau / Composite Txheej Ntawv: Rau tsis- Cov tuam txhab uas yuav tsum tau ua rau corrosion {}} cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tshwm sim los ntawm ib puag ncig corrosion.

 

III. Peb Qhov Kev Txiav Txim Siab Tseem Ceeb rau cov khoom xaiv

Thaum tsim cov kev npaj khoom siv, cov tuam txhab yuav tsum nkag siab qhov ntev hauv qab no:

1. Kev sib xyaw nrog kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig

High - Kev tsheb ciav hlau siab (xws li Beijing {} Yog li ntawd, microalloyed steels nrog siab dua microstructure uniformity yog xaiv tau zoo los txo cov kev ntxhov siab uas muaj kev ntxhov siab. Hnyav {{6 {6} Daqab kab kev tsheb ciav hlau (ntau dua li kev txhim kho yas) Rau cov turnouts hauv ntug hiav txwv lossis siab - cov av noo noo, piv txwv li, los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom siv tooj liab thiab phosphorus).

2. Lub neej kav

Kev xaiv cov khoom siv tsis yog teeb meem ntawm "tus nqi kim dua, qhov zoo dua." Hloov chaw, cov txiaj ntsig kev khwv nyiaj tag nrho ntawm "Kev yuav nqi them tus nqi + Tus nqi kho mob + yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Piv txwv li, txawm hais tias chav ntsuas tus nqi ntawm Bainitic Steel yog kwv yees li 15% rau kev sib tsoo, thiab downtime poob, muaj peev xwm txo cov nqi kav ntev los ntawm ntau dua 30%.

3. Kev tsim khoom thiab tsim kho

The weldability and workability of a material directly impact turnout production efficiency. For example, an excessively high carbon equivalent (>0.5%) Ua kom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm Weld tawg. Yog li ntawd, qis {{{- carbon (tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.2%) lossis cov qib vuam steel yuav tsum siv rau cov ntawv tso quav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom lag luam Forging thiab Rolling cov txheej txheem yuav tsum sib haum nrog cov kab ntau lawm kom tsis txhob muaj peev txheej ntxiv vim yog thev naus laus zis.

 

IV. Kev xyaum ua lag luam: kev tsav tsheb khoom siv hloov dua tshiab nrog thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis

Raws li kev tsheb ciav hlau pib tsheb thauj khoom, peb tau txiav txim siab ib txwm txiav txim siab rau kev tshawb fawb cov khoom siv thiab kev txhim kho ua lub zog tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, los ntawm kev sib koom tes nrog cov tsev kawm qib siab thiab cov chaw tseem ceeb: Ua ntej, peb tau tsom mus rau cov qauv loj hauv cov chaw siab sib txawv ntawm thaj chaw sab hnub poob); Thib ob, peb qhia cov khoom lag luam muaj yees (3D luam tawm ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tswj hwm cov hmoov av sib xyaw (xws li cobalt - raws li alloys). Cov kev coj ua no tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov khoom muaj kev ntseeg tau tab sis kuj tau pab cov neeg siv khoom txo cov nqi lag luam tag nrho thiab kev txij nkawm los ntawm ntau dua 20%.

Kev xaiv cov khoom siv rau kev tsheb ciav hlau tig yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm kev nyab xeeb, kev ua tau zoo, thiab tus nqi. Tawm tsam cov backdrop ntawm sai sai hloov cov tshuab kev kub siab, tsuas yog ua rau cov tuam txhab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam txuas ntxiv rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev lag luam. Mus rau pem hauv ntej, peb yuav txuas ntxiv tsom rau cov kev thov tshiab thiab cov qauv kev tsav tsheb los ntawm "kev coj ua zoo rau kev txhim kho ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau.